{"id":2683,"date":"2023-03-30T02:01:17","date_gmt":"2023-03-30T01:01:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/?p=2683"},"modified":"2024-10-03T19:03:10","modified_gmt":"2024-10-03T18:03:10","slug":"su-khac-biet-giua-mo-hinh-hoc-may-tham-so-va-khong-tham-so","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/2023\/03\/30\/su-khac-biet-giua-mo-hinh-hoc-may-tham-so-va-khong-tham-so\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y tham s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham s\u1ed1"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

Trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tham s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham s\u1ed1 (Parametric v\u00e0 Non parmetric)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a 2 d\u1ea1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u00f3 tham s\u1ed1 (Paramametric model)<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u00f3 tham s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0: Logistic regression, Neural Network, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh SVM c\u00f3 kernel<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng tham s\u1ed1 (Non Parmametric model)<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u00f3 tham s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Naive Bayes, Random forests, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh SVM kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kernel.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u00f3 tham s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecn h\u1ecdc m\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tham s\u1ed1<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u00f3 tham s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng tham s\u1ed1 l\u00e0:<\/p>\r\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u00f3 tham s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n
  1. \r\n

    M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u00f3 tham s\u1ed1 (Parametric Models):<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

      \r\n
    • \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\r\n
    • \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>:\r\n
        \r\n
      • Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u00e0m<\/strong>: Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, logisitc, Gaussian, v.v.).<\/li>\r\n
      • S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>: S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham s\u1ed1 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\r\n
      • H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nhanh<\/strong>: Vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\r\n
      • V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: H\u1ed3i quy tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, h\u1ed3i quy logistic, M\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron s\u00e2u (Deep Neural Networks).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n
      • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>:\r\n
          \r\n
        • Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n.<\/li>\r\n
        • Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u00edt.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n
        • Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>:\r\n
            \r\n
          • B\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\r\n
          • N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh sai, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n
          • \r\n

            M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng tham s\u1ed1 (Non-Parametric Models):<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

              \r\n
            • \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i linh ho\u1ea1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng.<\/li>\r\n
            • \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>:\r\n
                \r\n
              • Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0m s\u1ed1<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\r\n
              • S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>: Thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\r\n
              • H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n<\/strong>: V\u00ec m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\r\n
              • V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: C\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (Decision Trees), k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Kernel Density Estimation.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n
              • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>:\r\n
                  \r\n
                • Linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m s\u1ed1.<\/li>\r\n
                • C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u1ebfu m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n
                • Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>:\r\n
                    \r\n
                  • T\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u01a1n.<\/li>\r\n
                  • D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb overfitting n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

                    T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/strong>: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n tham s\u1ed1. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng tham s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean theo d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

                     <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

                     <\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[714,233],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoc-may-co-ban","category-tri-tue-nhan-tao"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2683","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2683"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2683\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4068,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2683\/revisions\/4068"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2683"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2683"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}