{"id":3710,"date":"2024-03-10T03:50:04","date_gmt":"2024-03-10T03:50:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/?p=3710"},"modified":"2024-03-10T03:50:04","modified_gmt":"2024-03-10T03:50:04","slug":"tong-quan-ve-tri-tue-nhan-tao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/10\/tong-quan-ve-tri-tue-nhan-tao\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ng\u00e0y nay, Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI)\u00a0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, AI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nh\u01b0: xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i, y t\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, an to\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng\u2026.V\u00ec v\u1eady, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 xem tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Homo sapiens\u2014con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan\u2014b\u1edfi v\u00ec tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. Trong h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta suy ngh\u0129; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec3u, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, hay AI, c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa: n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng minh [1].<\/p>\n<p>Trong gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, AI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem \u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac ngay sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1956.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, AI th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c coi l\u00e0 \u201cl\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n tham gia nh\u1ea5t\u201d. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Galileo, Newton, Einstein v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>AI hi\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c con, t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t (h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u01a1i c\u1edd, ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m th\u01a1, l\u00e1i \u00f4 t\u00f4 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. AI c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0o; n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>V\u1eady AI l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 AI, trong n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 TTNT c\u00e1c n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 TTNT. Ch\u00fang ta tham kh\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 sau[1]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n\u201d ( \u201cThe study \u00f2 mental faculties through the use \u00f2 computational models\u201d \u2013 Charniak and McDormott, 1985)<\/li>\n<li>\u201cNgh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00e1y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (\u201cThe art of creating machies that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by people\u201d \u2013 1990).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cL\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi th\u00f4ng minh trong thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n\u201d (\u201cA field of study that seeks to explain and emulate intelligent behavior in terms of computational processes\u201d \u2013 Schalkoff, 1990).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cS\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d (\u201cThe study of computations that make it possible to perceive, reason, and act\u201d \u2013 Winston, 1992).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cTTNT l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng x\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng minh. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ngth\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi m\u00e0 khi \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u00fang ta xem l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh\u201d (\u201cArtificial Intelligence is the design and study of computer programs that behave intelligently.These programs are constructed to perform as would a human or an animal whose behvior we consider intelligent\u201d \u2013 Dean, Allen and Aloimonos, 1995).<\/li>\n<li>\u201c TTNT l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d (\u201cArtificial Intelligence is the design of agents that exists in an environment and act\u201d \u2013 Russell and Norvig, 1995).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u201c TTNT l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n th\u00f4ng minh\u201d (\u201cComputational Intelligence is the study of the design of Intelligent agents\u201d \u2013 Pulle, Mackworth and Goebel, 1998).<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, TTNT l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n th\u00f4ng minh ( intelligent agent ). T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1ea5ci g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng minh ( M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra: h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh?).<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a TTNT l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi th\u00f4ng minh. m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a TTNT l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00e2n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng minh. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 khi ch\u00fang ta nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd bay, r\u1ed3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y bi\u1ebft bay (m\u00e1y bay). M\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng con chim, song n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bay t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n chim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ng\u00e0y nay, Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI)\u00a0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[250,565,714,233],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3710","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-deep-learning","category-he-thong-khuyen-nghi-ai","category-hoc-may-co-ban","category-tri-tue-nhan-tao"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3710","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3710"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3710\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3711,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3710\/revisions\/3711"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3710"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3710"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}