{"id":3960,"date":"2024-08-18T06:36:53","date_gmt":"2024-08-18T05:36:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/?p=3960"},"modified":"2024-08-18T06:38:33","modified_gmt":"2024-08-18T05:38:33","slug":"cac-mo-hinh-nen-tang-co-the-thuc-day-ai-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/2024\/08\/18\/cac-mo-hinh-nen-tang-co-the-thuc-day-ai-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y AI trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">N\u1ed9i dung ch&iacute;nh<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Cac_mo_hinh_nen_tang_Foundation_Models_co_the_thuc_day_AI_nhu_the_nao\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">1<\/span> C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng (Foundation Models)\u00a0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y AI nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Mo_hinh_nen_tang_la_gi\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">2<\/span> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Loi_ich_cua_cac_mo_hinh_nen_tang_la_gi\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">3<\/span> L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Giao_Dien_Moi_cho_Su_Lien_ket_giua_Con_Nguoi_va_AI\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">4<\/span> Giao Di\u1ec7n M\u1edbi cho S\u1ef1 Li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 AI<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Giam_Chi_Phi_Phat_Trien_Trien_Khai_va_Duy_Tri_AI_trong_Benh_Vien\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">5<\/span> Gi\u1ea3m Chi Ph\u00ed Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n, Tri\u1ec3n Khai v\u00e0 Duy Tr\u00ec AI trong B\u1ec7nh Vi\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h1><span id=\"Cac_mo_hinh_nen_tang_Foundation_Models_co_the_thuc_day_AI_nhu_the_nao\">C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng (Foundation Models)\u00a0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y AI nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) cho v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, video, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. GPT-3, BLOOM, v\u00e0 Stable Diffusion \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft th\u01a1, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, gi\u1ea3i to\u00e1n, v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 video.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng AI nh\u01b0 ChatGPT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0u lo\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 CICERO c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i Diplomacy, m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng\u2014c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi cao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi\u2014trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong AI.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed The Economist \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea9y AI v\u00e0o &#8220;th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p&#8221; c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111a n\u0103ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n demo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sang tri\u1ec3n khai AI th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 AI h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t \u00edt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 593 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n COVID-19, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, v\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin y t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng mang l\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn <strong>&#8220;AI trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe&#8221;. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng y t\u1ebf th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a AI v\u1edbi \u00edt v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n<br \/>\n&#8211; AI m\u00f4-\u0111un, t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<br \/>\n&#8211; Bi\u1ebfn \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi<br \/>\n&#8211; Giao di\u1ec7n m\u1edbi cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 AI<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec AI trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n<h1><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3962\" src=\"http:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Foundation-models-healthcare-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"845\" \/><\/h1>\n<h1><span id=\"Mo_hinh_nen_tang_la_gi\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>&#8220;M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng&#8221; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Bommasani v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u v\u1edbi hai \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. H\u1ecdc t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 da v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c do ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u g\u1ea7n 130.000 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t trong m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;ti\u1ec1n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n,&#8221; bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfp theo trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh pixel b\u1ecb che trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 tham s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, GPT-3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 45TB v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 BLOOM m\u1ea5t 1 tri\u1ec7u gi\u1edd GPU \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Jean Zay\u2014t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m cho m\u1ed9t GPU Nvidia A100.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1eabu t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n:<\/strong> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u1eefu \u00edch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ecdc chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1eabu h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p AI tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y trong h\u1ecdc chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh y t\u1ebf n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfm ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i sao ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u1ea1i quan t\u00e2m?<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ee9a trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (EHRs)\u2014\u1edf c\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ICD (Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt) v\u00e0 m\u00e3 CPT (Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c cho ph\u00e9p can thi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. L\u1eddi h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u EHR kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;h\u1ed1 s\u00e2u AI.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu \u00edch, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i do thi\u00ean v\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u1eabn mang t\u00ednh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 200.000 USD v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n 300.000 USD, v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t sinh chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1edf h\u1eefu &#8220;m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh&#8221; trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe qu\u00e1 cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean do c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u1edbi, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh\u2014m\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u1eabn th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng\u2014v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h1><span id=\"Loi_ich_cua_cac_mo_hinh_nen_tang_la_gi\">L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch AI trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u00edt v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o sinh h\u1ecdc (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t k\u00e9m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Epic, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 y t\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (EHR), g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e1i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai sau khi thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p>Nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00e1i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u1eebng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1o ra chi ph\u00ed, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AI. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Thay v\u00ec chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a cho m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 duy nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0a g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, thay v\u00ec hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u00edt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o gi\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 10 l\u1ea7n khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 GPT-3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>**AI M\u00f4-\u0111un, T\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 B\u1ec1n v\u1eefng**<\/p>\n<p>\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 Software 2.0 c\u1ee7a Andrej Karpathy \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u00e3 sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI. Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh vi mong mu\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u1edbp quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Software 2.0 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 Hugging Face, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi, vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng y t\u1ebf, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c trong NLP nh\u01b0 GatorTron, UCSF BERT, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng y t\u1ebf c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1eabu. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1edbi CLMBR, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u EHR c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng theo th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n ICU, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t suy gi\u1ea3m \u00edt h\u01a1n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<p>**\u0110\u01b0a \u0110a D\u1ea1ng H\u00f3a Th\u00e0nh Ti\u00eau Chu\u1ea9n M\u1edbi**<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI y t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y nay th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh y khoa, ghi ch\u00fa l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ICD. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 y t\u1ebf v\u1ed1n d\u0129 l\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a thanh to\u00e1n, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u sinh t\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gen, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. \u0110a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a trong EHR ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2008 \u0111\u1ebfn 2015. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m pixel c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh y khoa th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o duy nh\u1ea5t?<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n. Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Stable Diffusion l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u y khoa kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfp theo, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi AI. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh y khoa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh y khoa t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<h1><span id=\"Giao_Dien_Moi_cho_Su_Lien_ket_giua_Con_Nguoi_va_AI\">Giao Di\u1ec7n M\u1edbi cho S\u1ef1 Li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 AI<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI trong y t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00edt l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng mang l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI, bao g\u1ed3m giao di\u1ec7n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Trong y h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra khi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi EHR. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong y h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 AI n\u00e0y l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a ChatGPT v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1edf nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, OpenAI \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c Chuy\u00ean gia Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean AI \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh GPT.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><span id=\"Giam_Chi_Phi_Phat_Trien_Trien_Khai_va_Duy_Tri_AI_trong_Benh_Vien\">Gi\u1ea3m Chi Ph\u00ed Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n, Tri\u1ec3n Khai v\u00e0 Duy Tr\u00ec AI trong B\u1ec7nh Vi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c &#8220;AI trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe&#8221;, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n $200,000, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh ph\u00ed cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf theo m\u1ed7i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, n\u01a1i thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u00fang ta t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh r\u1ebb h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n qua FHIR v\u00e0 c\u00e1c API EHR kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng qua API \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp theo cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong y t\u1ebf. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea5u hao (v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m) chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n) tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 thi. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i qua c\u00e1c API, c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 thi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u domain kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1edfi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c model h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong y h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 AI trong s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb. C\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh foudnation h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00edch l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft: https:\/\/hai.stanford.edu\/news\/how-foundation-models-can-advance-ai-healthcare<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u1ed9i dung ch&iacute;nh1 C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng (Foundation Models)\u00a0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y AI nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?2 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3961,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[250,561,560,565],"tags":[689,791,790],"class_list":["post-3960","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-deep-learning","category-federated-learning-2","category-federated-learning","category-he-thong-khuyen-nghi-ai","tag-ai","tag-foundation-model","tag-model-co-ban"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3960","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3960"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3960\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3966,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3960\/revisions\/3966"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3960"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3960"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}