{"id":495,"date":"2019-08-20T04:51:16","date_gmt":"2019-08-20T03:51:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/?p=495"},"modified":"2021-05-05T01:43:23","modified_gmt":"2021-05-05T00:43:23","slug":"review-sach-grit-suc-manh-cua-dam-me-va-kien-tri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/2019\/08\/20\/review-sach-grit-suc-manh-cua-dam-me-va-kien-tri\/","title":{"rendered":"Review s\u00e1ch: Grit – S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111am m\u00ea v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Book Review: Grit – S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111am m\u00ea v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ean s\u00e1ch: Grit – The Power of Passion and Perseverance
T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Angela Duckworth, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i UPenn
N\u0103m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n: 2016
#bookreview<\/a> #grit<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng qua TED Talk c\u1ee7a C\u00f4 n\u0103m 2016:
https:\/\/www.ted.com\/\u2026\/angela_lee_duckworth_grit_the_power_o\u2026<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: 
http:\/\/vietnamnet.vn\/\u2026\/thanh-tuu-an-tuong-cua-nu-gs-thuyet-\u2026<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi C\u00f4 ra s\u00e1ch th\u00ec m\u00ecnh mua v\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00ean k\u1ec7 hai n\u0103m th\u00ec tu\u1ea7n n\u00e0y m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y ra \u0111\u1ecdc. Sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc xong, m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u ra t\u1ea1i sao m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i thua k\u00e9m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5p 3 v\u00e0 \u00f4n thi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i review n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang \u1edf \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea9m sinh v\u00e0 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0i n\u00e0o v\u1edbi t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb ra, v\u00e0 soi th\u1ea5y l\u00fd do d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t. Li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do t\u00e0i n\u0103ng (talent) hay do n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c (effort) m\u00e0 c\u00f3? Angela Duckworth \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e0i n\u0103ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 grit m\u1edbi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. V\u1eady grit l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grit, t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 grytte (trang 253), l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa \u0111am m\u00ea v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 3 ph\u1ea7n:
Ph\u1ea7n 1: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 grit
Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 do t\u00e0i n\u0103ng hay n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c? M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng g\u1ea5p 5 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi t\u00e0i n\u0103ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 hay m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 cao nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (natural) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (striver). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb cho t\u00ednh b\u1ea9m sinh (naturalness bias). Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng khen t\u1ea5m t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9a n\u00e0o ch\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u, \u00edt h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i, m\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111i\u1ec3m cao; c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9a n\u00e0o m\u00e0 su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y h\u1ecdc g\u1ea1o th\u00ec b\u1ecb ch\u00ea l\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi nh\u1edd si\u00eang n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i g\u1ecdn l\u00e0: t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u2014> th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, Duckworth cho r\u1eb1ng: N\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c gi\u00fap t\u00e0i n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c gi\u00fap bi\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i t\u00e0i n\u0103ng. C\u00f4 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee9ng l\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eafng \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 n\u1eb1m tr\u1ecdn trong \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 grit. Grit kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng hay h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ec7t th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 grit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grit, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, hay t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi gene c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 grit thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean grit nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n khi ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 grit? C\u00f3 2 c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng grit: x\u00e2y grit t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh n\u1ed9i t\u1ea3i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e2y grit nh\u1edd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n 2: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng grit t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1edf th\u00edch<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng ba m\u1eb9 hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n hay g\u1ee3i \u00fd\/\u00e9p bu\u1ed9c con c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc\/l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn cho l\u00e0 danh gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t (b\u00e1c s\u0129, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0). Nh\u01b0ng, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 khi l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang ng\u00e0nh th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1i kh\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh th\u00edch g\u00ec! 
Kho\u1ea3ng kh\u1eafc ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh th\u00edch g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa l\u00fac \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng\/nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n ng\u1ee7 c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, s\u1edf th\u00edch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh va ch\u1ea1m l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


B\u01b0\u1edbc 1 (kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1): H\u00e3y tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu l\u00fac n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00e1i kia l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t mau ch\u00e1n, n\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u00e9p con c\u00e1i. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 (introspection) m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u1ecd x\u00e1t, v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m.
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2 (ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n): Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ecd x\u00e1t v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hay tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00edch. C\u00e0ng l\u00e2u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3 (\u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u): t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1edbi m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hay tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u1ea5y. M\u1edbi m\u1ebd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a: 1) v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a g\u1eb7p l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng 2) v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng nho nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebd. 
\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Chung quy l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ba m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng cho con h\u1ecdc b\u01a1i \u1edf nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 thi\u1ebfu nhi th\u00ec con b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u01a1i r\u1ea5t vui v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vua b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 Michael Phelps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp
Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn (deliberate practice) theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Anders Ericsson [Malcolm Gladwell g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cQuy t\u1eafc 10,000 gi\u1edd\u201d trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cNh\u1eefng K\u1ebb Xu\u1ea5t Ch\u00fang\u201d (Outliers)].
V\u1eady luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn l\u00e0 g\u00ec?
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: n\u1eafm r\u00f5 t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn: 
1. \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t 
2. d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y
3. nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n hay b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t (feedback)
4. l\u00e0m \u0111i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: bi\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf th\u1eddi gian ra suy ngh\u0129 ng\u00e0y mai m\u00ecnh n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u1ea3. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c thi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m. Thay v\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5\/s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00ec m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m sai, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y xem m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3: M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch
C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u00e1o thun, l\u00fac 20 tu\u1ed5i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd cho r\u1eb1ng b\u00e1n \u00e1o thun ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n (job), l\u00fac 25 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 khi b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p kinh doanh c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (career), v\u00e0 l\u00fac 35 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tin r\u1eb1ng b\u00e1n \u00e1o thun l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi thi\u00eang li\u00eang (calling) m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang c\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00e1n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00e0m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ed1ng hay \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd nh\u1ea3y vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u00ecm n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, s\u1eafp 30 r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadt ra, job, career, hay calling kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u xa c\u1ea3. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m ngay ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cao h\u01a1n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi thi\u00eang li\u00eang m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi thi\u00eang li\u00eang?
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc lo\u00e9 l\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m. 
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p trong ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, xem h\u1ecd l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu (role model) \u0111\u1ec3 noi theo).
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong ng\u00e0nh m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. 
B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0: Khi b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (landscape) v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb xem m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong chu\u1ed7i m\u1eafc x\u00edch l\u1edbn. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00e0m (continuos improvement process). Quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu trong ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4: Hy v\u1ecdng
\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean. 
Hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3.
Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea1c quan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y ra n\u1ed7i \u0111au v\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.
Bi quan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c quan? 
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng (growth mindset), t\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng d\u1eadm ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. 
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: t\u1ef1 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c quan 
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng grit t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n 3: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng grit t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i
I. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n
C\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 con c\u00e1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o (wise parenting): v\u1eeba h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n cho con v\u1eeba \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi con ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1eb7t ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. S\u00e2n ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng grit:
Grit l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao hay \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc v\u00f5 karate. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc xong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd n\u0103m th\u1ee9 2, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n t\u00ednh grit cho m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n duy tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00f5 su\u1ed1t 10 n\u0103m, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u1eeboi r\u1ea5t grit. Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc b\u1ea1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc v\u00f5 m\u00e0 khi l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 grit c\u1ea3. Theo nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd Robert Eisenberger th\u00ec t\u00ednh si\u00eang n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea9m sinh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (learned industriousness). B\u1ea1n si\u00eang n\u0103ng khi b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 grit:
Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam: 
Ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 ch\u01a1i 
G\u1ea7n m\u1ef1c th\u00ec \u0111en, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e8n th\u00ec s\u00e1ng
N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 grit th\u00ec d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean grit. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ho\u00e1 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1ng (identity) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Khi c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 l\u00e3i. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n tin r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 si\u00eang n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 th\u00ec khi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng l\u00f9i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1ea7n Lan, trong Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn II h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 v\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n sisu c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1t X\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 grit? 
C\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Anson Dorrance v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng West Point:
– Li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y
– X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kho\u00e1 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u00fac t\u00edch
– H\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu
– N\u00f3i t\u1eeb g\u00ec th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c Seahawks:
– T\u1ea1o ra tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea1nh tranh: c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng k\u1ebb thua m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh 
– K\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd (finish strong): b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cho t\u1edbi h\u1ebft m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i quan tr\u1ecdng. 
– \u0110\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00ean tr\u00ean 
– Lu\u00f4n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chu \u0111\u00e1o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P.S. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

review by: V\u0169 L\u00ea – Huy Tr\u1ea7n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Book Review: Grit – S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111am m\u00ea v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec T\u00ean s\u00e1ch: Grit – The Power of Passion […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":497,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sach"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/495","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=495"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/495\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1098,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/495\/revisions\/1098"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=495"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=495"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cafe2sach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=495"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}